| INGREDIENT | SUBSTITUTION |
| 1 square unsweetened chocolate | 3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1 tablespoon butter |
| 2 large eggs | 3 small eggs |
| 1 cup sifted all-purpose flour | 1 cup sifted cake flour plus 2 tablespoons |
| 1 cup sifted cake flour | 1 cup sifted all-purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons |
| 1 cup self-rising flour | 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| 1 teaspoon baking powder | 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar |
| 1 cup honey | 3/4 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid |
| 1 cup whole milk | 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water |
| 1 cup whole milk | 3 to 5 tablespoons nonfat dry milk solids in 1 cup water |
| 1 cup sour milk or buttermilk | 1 or 2 tablespoons lemon juice or vinegar with enough milk to make 1 cup (let stand 5 minutes) |
| 1 cup light cream | 7/8 cup milk plus 3 tablespoons butter |
| 1 cup brown sugar (firmly packed) | 1 cup granulated sugar |
| 1 teaspoon apple or pumpkin pie spice | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, 1/8 teaspoon allspice |
| 1/2 cup corn syrup | 1/2 cup granulated sugar plus 2 tablespoons liquid |
| 1 egg | 2 egg yolks. When baking add 1 tablespoon water to 2 egg yolks |
| 1 teaspoon lemon or orange peel | 1/2 teaspoon dried peel |
| 1 package active, dry yeast | 1 tablespoon dry or 1 cake compressed |
